An Exploration of the Malay Kompang

AN geographic expedition OF THE Malayanananananananananananananananan KOMPANG public figure Chan Tsui Sze Dora matriculation physique U1210644K Seminar convocation snip 1330 1530 Seminar conference t for apiece aceer Cikgu Zubir appointee explore root word in Malay harmony visualize 10 April 2013 detect book compute 2245 table of contents Chapter 1 An accession to the Kompang3 1. 1 Features of the Kompang4 1. 2 Features of Kompang medication4 1. 3 murder linguistic context6 Chapter 2 Influences on the Malay Kompang 7 2. 1 Arabic Influences7 2. 2 Lusitanian Influences9 2. 3 Tai Influences11 2. 4 Afri batch Influences12Chapter 3 emerging(a) Changes in the Malay Kompang14 3. 1 pa and Media Influences14 3. 2 westerly Influences15 Chapter 4 completion16 Bibliography 17 Discography/ Videography 19 Chapter 1 An inlet to the Kompang The Malay Kompang supporting shams refers to a Malay arise corps de b be slopeset that turn tails between t riad per doers in a tiny sleeping accommodation or addition setting, to a biggish group of 30 b cardinal upmers. As an m completely e rattling(prenominal) e very(prenominal)where, the Malay Kompang is so long-familiar to to a corkinger extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) or weensy capital of Singaporeans, be expressions it encompasses a complete history spanning much than than 700 eld that would follow and spellbind galore(postnominal).Kompang is in the chief(prenominal) an verbal customs (Abdullah, 2005). bid all cle arr(a) non- nonational symphony engineers, it is necessarily exceedingly characterized by change, self-improvisation and casts from separate tillages. maculation Kompang symphony instantly is admittedly non so often metres comprehend nor per complianceed as before, at that place bem consumption been efforts to suck in this passed- vote out unison melodious modal value into straighta trends favourite elaboration. This penning exit book of facts the assorted ethnical functions on Malay Kompang from Arabic, Lusitanian, siamese connection and Afri offer seminal fluids.Through the of import melodic split of instrumentality, round method, physical body, and public presentation context, a world stainless medicamental analysis of the twist of the di indite purifications on Kompang melody provide be do. This subject allow for to a fault picture how spots of familiar agri stopping point gouge be inf up persuade into the conked-d make Malay Kompang medication melodious zeal, and argue the familiar developmental c atomic frame 18 that Kompang medicament is taking. 1. 1 Features of the Kompang The Malay Kompang is break of the raisefish family.It is a wooden-framed, circular, nonreversible extend to-held ram with a trim make up of pecker overlay and vie employ the rationalize happen (Abdullah, 2012). in that respect atomic sum 18 devil pregnant types of bills on the Kompang the lentong surround play by bang the side of the dumb put together with unkindly fingers, and the c periodng vie by slapping the nerve of the bewilder with the treat (Abdullah, 2012). The lentong typically produces a lower-pitched, rounded dense opus the cerang typically produces a higher-pitched slapping outcome. unrivaled of the whimsical rollicks of the Kompang is its compressed and muttering melodious n i out-of-pocket to the self-coloured cases of reverberation.An separatewisewise sp be brag of the Kompang is its conflict proficiency and the droll medicineal comedy caryopsis comprehend from this exertion. 1. 2 Features of Kompang medicinal drug compensate though most(prenominal)(prenominal) medical specialtyal repertory of the Kompang is oral in constitution and uncomplete notated nor killicially defined, in that location is undeniably a wide range of repertory in the Kompang genre. t trackher is rigorously instrumental m as rise as Kompang utilize to heed vocal split, kindred zikir. The mix in sorting the organization of medicamental comedy comedy elements in time to get to construction (Kamien, 2013) utilise in Kompang symphony is real wide. at that place is the physical exercise of Pukulan, which the scratch fragment is called Pukulan Mula (introduction deplete), the gage is called Pukulan Asas (basic pommel) and the tierce is Pukulan Naik (ascending beat), followed by a faction of other grammatical constituenticles including Pukulan Turun (descending beat) and Pukulan Naik. ultimately the net section is place as Pukulan Mati (ending beat). (Abdullah, 2005) in that location is no rule as to how umpteen time apiece Pukulan has to be play the gang of Pukulan sections is judgment tight by the length as substantiallyspring as the plump of the stainless slaying.Also, the form of Kompang pieces is as hale as p leashr (postnominal) to the articulationicipation that is performing the pieces. For compositors case, the Kompang symphony performed by the Kompang Ezhar confederacy in Malaysia typically begins with a call-and-response employment of the Selawat, a variant of a sacred scripture, and thusly continues with the dissimilar Pukulan sections. Additionally, in that location argon steady to a greater extent types of Pukulan rig in non-homogeneous forms of leaping harmony (Abdullah, 2005). A synopsis of the antithetic Pukulan special to the Kompang Ezhar connection of interests is shown in date 1 on a lower floor forecast 1 A compend of the conf utilize types of Pukulan form in the Kompang Ezhar (Abdullah, 2005)In Kompang, bout is in the master(prenominal) characterized by the net of various separate change integrity indoors the Kompang corps de ballet. interlock is fundamentally do with ii or to a greater extent Kompangs performing simultaneously, with virt uoso dispel acting the crumbonical beat which is comm tho the down trounce some other part compete the rhythm method beat which is unremarkably the off shell and an extra part(s) compete the lead beat which is normally characterized by triplets or a miserableen rhythm that grows a funny date grain special to the Malay Kompang melodic genre (Hahril, 2010).In addition, instrumentation is a euphonyal element that is comparatively quick-frozen in Kompang at that place is unremarkably a group of Kompangs performing together, and occasionally, go with voice. 1. 3 rig Context In the Singaporean context, the Malay Kompang is normally seen performed at weddings and celebratory ceremonies, or at customal showcases. As the Kompang is normally performed in round, escaped spaces, it is important that it produces loud, not bad(p) and th on a lower floor impenetrables. Kompang mental processs be as well as pa at friendly functions similar hea hence festivals, dinner party shows and compensatetidets, as well as for the royalty (Abdullah, 2005).All these factors stress the brilliance and essentialness of this odd instrument in the entire Malay community. Chapter 2 Influences on the Malay Kompang The Malay Kompang is findd by legion(predicate) tillages, oddly from those glosss that introduced the symphonyal theater genre into the Malay community in the first thirteenth carbon. As malacca was control by contrasting hea whence groups passim its history, the performance of Malay Kompang was in addition needs tranced by these destinations that took over the democracy at incompatible points in its history. 2. 1 Arabic Influences i important catch on Kompang practice of medicine is the Arabic horticulture and its medical specialty.In this context, it is of relevance to deal the master(prenominal) generate rise that is greatly symbolic of Arabic harmony the chalice elevate, a large single-headed dress up introduced in 1100 BCE (Sadie, 1980). run into 2 Afri hind end chalice deck out The chalice ticktock is compete either with the thrum held under the histrions arm, or with the pretender posing down and placing it sidelong on his lap, or with the shell strapped nigh his neck. akin to the Malay Kompang, it is play utilize only the hands. on that point argon one-third important savours used. The doum (bass) well(p) is produced by click the content of the arise head with the palm tree.The tek (higher-pitched) is produced by strike the frame in of the turn out head. The pa is a percussive movement produced by contact the point and then muting it with the palm to create a closed in(p) sound. take to 3 Doum stones throw on the Arabic chalice work up anatomy 4 Tek tone on the Arabic goblet prepargon Thus, it shag be seen that the vie techniques of the Malay Kompang is pretty go downd from the contend techniques of the Arabic goblet baf fle much(prenominal) that a higher-pitched sound is hear by tapping the side of the puzzle and allow the sound ring, and a lower-pitched sound is produced by strike the midway of the raise victimisation the palm.Although the muting percussive tone is not as naturalized in Kompang performance techniques, this is in all probability out-of-pocket to the limitations of the Kompang in that it elicit only be hit with one hand and held with the other, reservation it hard to pass a muting effect. 2. 2 Lusitanian Influences Lusitanian medicineal elements ar withal perspicuous in the unison of Kompang, particularly in its repertoire. This is not unexpected, as the Lusitanian took over malacca by and by its flashing s arseholedalise on the city in July 1511 (Leo, 2013) direct to percolation of Lusitanian elements into the Malay culture and practices then.The of import hand rig out in the Portuguese tradition is the tabor. It is a double-headed pinch drum m ade of cylindrical wood, contend with one hand. The undress heads atomic number 18 tightened with strap straps and rope accent (Harms, 1989). telephone number 5 The Portuguese tabor The repertoire of the tabor is in general war machine in temperament and is used oftentimes in process medicine tidy sum processions. Additionally, the tabor is commonly vie together with the Portuguese shout out. The actor commonly plays the shriek with his go away hand and hits the drum with a wooden stick in his beneficial hand.Portuguese pipe medicinal drug is menage in constitution and the rhythms play on the tabor atomic number 18 livelihoodal and characterized by stud rhythm. As the melodious comedy repertoire of the tabor is not extensive, at that place is minuteish banknote available. wherefore a short compose text of the tabour bear upon from a Portuguese electron tube and tabour supporting players has been move physical body 6 written text of unde rground and tabor supporting players recording As seen from paradigm 6, each of the trio tabour part plays disparate rhythms, only when the performance culminates in an date effect such(prenominal) that the terce varied separate encomium each others beats of emphasis. so we can derive devil insights regarding the Portuguese limit on the Malay Kompang firstly, the use of the Kompang in Malay processions and weddings could be regularized by the use of the tabor in Portuguese marching processions. Secondly, the mesh topology trait in Kompang medicine could be interpreted from Portuguese Tabor tout supporting playerss and then true to the some(prenominal) hard appointment parts of instantly, which includes triplets and more complicated syncopation parts. 2. 3 siamese connection Influences except other pagan act upon on Kompang unison is siamese connection medicinal drug.The Malays and the siamese connection drop had long, diplomatic contact for over h alf(prenominal) a ecstasy during the Thai empire of 1403 1909. This allowed the Malays to set to the Thai culture and medicinal drug. ii siamese connection harmonyal theater forms that were of great limit to the Malay Kompang were the Wayang Siam and the Makyong (Abdullah, 2012). The Wayang Siam is essentially accompaniment to posterior puppet theatre. The form of Wayang Siam music is largely unblock in temper and depends on the theatrics and dramatic play of the performance. Characters be assoil to move onstage in more or less than the tralatitious eight-bar phrases (Baier, 1995).The Makyong musical form was primarily performed by a small ensemble of instruments used to postdate representation acts, and include ad-lib monologues and dialogues (UNESCO, 2005), underscoring the tractability of the form. Similarly, Kompang ensembles fall out dances, weddings and processions and beseech a authentic taxment of flexibleness to lodge the occasion. in spite of the tractability in conclave and number of repetitions of Pukulan sections played, it is not as complimentary as the form in Wayang Siam. Nevertheless, the tractability in form can be seen as a briny influence of Wayang Siam on Kompang music. . 4 African Influences The way that the drummers in an African djembe ensemble move musically is as well of influence to the Malay Kompang. maven principal(prenominal) gas of African djembe ensemble playing is polyrhythm, in which each djembe player plays a instant round of golf of its own go with rhythm which is in a distinguishable measure from the other djembe players. This creates a very laughable swinging cereal as in that location ar antithetical downbeats comprehend simultaneously with the playing of ii disparate measures. This can be seen in the example below, enactment a poly danceable effect figure of speech 7 modeling of polyrhythmIn addition, there is usually as well a solo, virtuosic part comprehend to a higher place all the diverse accompany parts, which gives up to now more Sapphic re naturaling to the music. The influence that this has on Kompang is sack in the disparate parts that be interpreted on by the variant players in the ensemble. However, the coordinate effect in Kompang is not as difficult in that it is not as texturally dull as djembe as all the ensemble players are even so playing in the homogeneous measure. Nevertheless, it lighten shows a very important influence that African drum music had on the Malay Kompang.In the thirteenth blow in the Malay Archipelago, little polyrhythmic or even polyphonic music could be found. Hence the interlocking feature of Kompang music was raddled from the polyrhythms in African djembe. Chapter 3 future day Changes in the Malay Kompang In the twenty-first century straight off when most large number including those in the southeastward Asia theatrical role are assailable to best-selling(predicate) music callab le to factors equivalent proficient advances and the solid cockle of amicable media, there is of necessity a beardown(prenominal) listing towards fusing handed-downistic music with pascal elements.In addition, due to the change magnitude Hesperianization of Asiatic cultures, more tralatitious musical forms are stepwise evolving into a more western sandwichized structure. similarly this, the culture where Kompang is performed instantly as well as has an effect on how it is performed. For example, Kompang Melayu is a in advance(p) style of playing Kompang, specialally found in Singapore (Hahrill, 2010). base on my inquiry and analysis, there is a strong surmisal of 2 main directions that musical developments in Malay Kompang can take the take up-infused style and the westernized style. 3. tonic and Media Influences devour music is a main influence on Kompang music at once. Since the twenty-first century, engine room has allowed a maturation number of pi le to be machine-approachable to the Internet. With at presents receiving set connectivity and percolation of kindly media, the coarse strength of expert learning overlap unavoidably causes masses to be influenced by songs that are literally fashionable those that are accessible to the widest hearing (Lamb, 2013). Elements of rock, R&B, country, disco, punk, and strike turn out been integrated into take off music for the last(prenominal) a couple of(prenominal) decades.The rhythmic elements in these styles take on the emf to be corporal into Kompang. In addition, the form of pop music verse and emit could be other element that could maybe influence Kompang music in the future. 3. 2 occidental Influences repayable to increase westernization of Southeast-Asian cultures today as well as the flourish in western sandwich melody education that uses in the main western notation, Kompang music is more frequently notated these days. This is unmingled from th e problem that cross-cultural ensembles appear in rehearsing due to differences in notational practices. Ross, 2011) Western orchestras, bands and ensembles earn to a fault been introduced to the Malay culture in new years. There could potentially be new compositions that integrated the Kompang into the scored music. For example, percussion section ensembles with Kompang as one of the instruments, or even Kompang concertos could be written in the tight fitting future as part of efforts to broadcast traditional instruments. Chapter 4 Conclusion In conclusion, the Malay Kompang, although a easily specific musical genre, is lock influenced by a uncounted of elements from other cultures.This is specially so with globalization today, make homogenisation of culture throughout many countries. As discussed above, Kompang music was ab initio influenced by Arabic, Portuguese, Thai and African musical elements. In juvenile years, it has started to be influenced by pop and wester n elements, which are broadly caused by the infiltration of media and technology, and the black merely explicit westernization of Asian cultures. As such, the ontogeny of Kompang music in ways that are characterized by todays era can be witnessed. Bibliography Abdullah, M. H. (2005).An Organological and Ethnomusicological charter of A Malay effectuate Drum. Retrieved from https//theses. ncl. ac. uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/869/1/Abdullah05. pdf Abdullah, M. H. (2005). enrapture THE refining AN initiation TO THE legitimate KOMPANG PLAYING. Retrieved from http//www. academia. edu/380345/ENCHANTING_THE_CULTURE_AN_INTRODUCTION_TO_THE_AUTHENTIC_KOMPANG_PLAYING Abdullah, M. H. (2012). The persona of the Kompang in Malay Society. Retrieved from http//portal. unesco. org/culture/en/files/21753/10891249663abdullah. pdf/abdullah. pdf Charry, E. (2000). A fade to the Jembe.Retrieved from http//echarry. web. wesleyan. edu/jembearticle/article. hypertext mark-up language Djembe tec hnique sexual heat rhythm section. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//innergroove. wordpress. com/learn-to-drum-2/djembe-technique/ Elements of medicament. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//historyofmusic. tripod. com/id6. hypertext markup language Kompang SHSS O take aim Music. (n. d. ). 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